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链钵自动移栽机挡板输送带取投苗及断链装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of baffle-type conveyor belt seedling picking-throwing device and chain breaking device for chain pots automatic transplanter

  • 摘要: 针对常规链式纸钵育苗移栽技术株距固定导致的作业模式单一、应用场景受限,无法满足大株距作物移栽需求等问题,该研究提出一种基于挡板输送带取投苗及断链装置的链钵自动移栽装置,通过挡板输送带取投苗装置、断链装置与栽植装置协调动作,实现链钵苗移栽过程中取苗、运苗、断链、投苗、栽植等关键工序的自动化作业。结合链钵苗移栽作业特点与农艺要求,对挡板输送式取投苗同步带、断链装置、传动系统和投苗姿态矫正装置等关键部件进行分析,确定了相关结构参数。以适栽期番茄链钵苗为对象,进行了单因素台架试验,并开展了苗龄、同步带倾斜角、移栽频率对断链成功率和投苗成功率影响的三因素三水平正交试验。结果表明:苗龄29 d,同步带倾斜角4°和移栽频率55 株/min时移栽效果较优,台架试验的断链成功率为92.44 %,投苗成功率94.60 %;田间试验的断链成功率为90.62 %,投苗成功率为93.10 %,满足链钵苗移栽机作业性能要求。研究结果可为自动化移栽装置的研发提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Seedling transplanting using paper chain pots is an efficient and sustainable crop cultivation technique, which has the advantages of reducing environmental impact, simple transplantation, and improving seedling survival rate. Simultaneously, it has the advantages of stronger seedling root systems and significant yield effects, which have significance for promoting multiple crop cultivations, improving land replanting index, increasing crop yield, and developing high-yield and efficient agriculture. However, existing paper chain pots seedling transplanting technologies adopt continuous automatic transplantation, which is only suitable for transplanting dense-planted crops with same plant spacing. In this study, a baffle-type conveyor belt seedling picking-throwing device and chain breaking device for chain pots automatic transplanter is designed to achieve automated transplanting operations such as seedling picking, transporting, chain breaking, seedling throwing, and planting. The developed device was mainly composed of various mechanisms for baffle-type conveyor belt seedling picking-throwing device, chain breaking device, driving system, posture correcting device, and planting device. The process of chain pots transplanting was as follows: The chain pots, which were in the appropriate planting period, were placed on the seedling storage tray before transplanting. The initial end of the chain pot seedling tray was pulled and placed on the seedling picking and throwing timing belt, ensuring that the chain pots remained engaged with the seedling transplanting baffles. Subsequently, the chain pots automatic transplanting device was started, and the chain pots were transplanted along a predetermined trajectory by the seedling picking-throwing timing belt. The chain pots were broken by the chain breaking device to form independent seedling pot. The planting device and the seedling picking-throwing timing belt operated in unison to ensure that the seedling pots were meticulously thrown into the seedling cups. Finally, the seedling pots were transported to the seedbed and planted vertically into the soil, thus completing the planting process. A single-factor bench test was conducted using the developed baffle-type conveyor belt seedling picking-throwing device and chain breaking device. Taking chain pot seedlings as the experiment object during their suitable planting period, the test aimed to clarify the influence of different parameters on the success rate of chain breaking and success rate of seedling throwing. Specifically, the optimal ranges were achieved, where the seedling age, the timing belt inclination angles, and transplanting frequencies were determined as 28~36 d, 0°~6°, and 50~60 plants/min, respectively. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the interactive effects of different factors on the success rate of chain breaking and success rate of seedling throwing. The results showed that an optimal configuration was achieved when the seedling age was 29 d, the timing belt inclination angles was 4°, and the transplanting frequencies was 55 plants/min. Furthermore, the success rate of chain breaking and success rate of seedling throwing were 92.44 %, and 94.60 %, respectively, in optimal configuration. A field experiment was carried out under a optimal combination of working parameters, in order to verify the operation performance of the whole machine. It was found that the success rate of chain breaking and success rate of seedling throwing were 90.62 %, and 93.10 %, respectively, which fully met the performance requirements of the seedling transplanter. The research will provide novel insights into optimizing the operating parameters of fully automatic transplanters, as well as the intelligentization and unmanned operation of transplanting processes.

     

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