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考虑农户满意度的分布式农机服务点订单分配与路径规划协同调度

Integrated scheduling of order allocation and vehicle routing in distributed agricultural machinery service stationsconsidering farmers' satisfaction

  • 摘要: 为提升分布式农机服务点作业调度效率与服务质量,针对现有集中式调度方法在多服务点协同、作业成本控制与农户满意度保障方面的适应性不足,该研究提出一种考虑成本和用户满意度双目标的分布式农机协同调度方法。首先构建涵盖多农机服务点资源异质、订单需求差异、模糊时间窗、农机固定成本等因素的多目标优化模型,并设计“订单分配–路径优化”双层协同优化框架:外层完成订单向多个农机服务点的全局分配,内层实现单服务点内农机路径的细化优化。然后开发融合内外目标协同策略、启发式初始化、两阶段交叉、自适应变异与精英局部搜索机制的分层协同混合遗传算法。仿真试验结果表明:与传统固定分配策略相比,协同优化方法的平均总成本降低1831.504348.47元,平均降幅2.88%~5.25%,并随订单规模的扩大表现出持续的成本节约能力,且在中等订单规模场景下客户满意度提升18.86%,所提策略能够在降低系统调度成本的同时有效提升服务质量。与非支配邻域免疫算法、基于分解的多目标进化算法和多目标粒子群算法相比,改进的第二代非支配排序遗传算法在多数订单规模条件下具有更高的超体积HV指标值,尤其在中大规模问题中优势更加明显,反映出其在Pareto解集收敛性与多样性方面的优势。研究结果可为多源异质农机资源的智能协同调度提供参考,具备良好的工程适应性与推广前景。

     

    Abstract: Order allocation and route scheduling are often required in agricultural machinery service systems in modern agriculture. Intelligent cooperation and large-scale operation can be accelerated in practical scheduling scenarios. Resource utilization efficiency and service quality can also be improved with operational cost savings. However, suboptimal solutions are attributed to the coupled order allocation decisions and route planning. It is often required to fully meet the requirements of large scale, highly complex environments in the agricultural services. In this study, a hierarchical multi-objective optimization was proposed to integrate scheduling of order allocation and vehicle routing in distributed agricultural machinery service considering Farmers' Satisfaction. Multi-depot order allocation and internal route planning were also combined into a decision-making framework. A bi-level optimization structure was constructed from a system-level perspective. Among them, the upper level was used to allocate the orders among multiple agricultural machinery depots, while the lower level was used to optimize the route planning and machinery scheduling within each individual depot. Thereby, the interaction between allocation decisions and routing performance was explicitly captured after optimization. A multi-objective order allocation model was also formulated at the upper level. The total scheduling cost was simultaneously minimized to meet the farmer's satisfaction under operational constraints, including machinery capacity limitations, service time windows, and task continuity. A NSGA-II multi-objective evolutionary algorithm was developed to solve the upper-level model. Problem-oriented genetic operators and solution evaluation were incorporated to enhance convergence performance, solution diversity, and overall stability. A route planning algorithm was designed to further optimize the internal scheduling at the lower level after the upper-level allocation. A dual-layer chromosome encoding was adopted to integrate heuristic initialization, adaptive evolutionary operators, and local search mechanisms. Route feasibility and convergence efficiency were effectively improved under the more complex task. Simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of the hierarchical optimization approach. Real scheduling demands were collected from an agricultural machinery cooperative in Henan Province, China. Multiple order scales and complex services were selected to compare conventional fixed allocation and classical algorithms as benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that the collaborative optimization consistently outperformed the fixed allocation under different order scales. Average scheduling cost was reduced from 2.88% to 5.25%, with a high level of service satisfaction. Farmer satisfaction increased by up to 18.86% in medium-scale order scenarios, indicating the effective balance of economic efficiency and service quality. Furthermore, the hypervolume metrics showed that the improved NSGA-II algorithm exhibited superior performance in both convergence and diversity, compared with the rest of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, indicating stronger global search and solution set robustness. In addition, the internal route planning was quantitatively analyzed for consistent cost optimization over all order scales. The maximum cost was reduced by 8.32% in large-scale task scenarios. The better performance of the route planning algorithm was achieved as the problem scale and complexity increased. The high adaptability and scalability outperformed conventional genetic algorithms in terms of cost efficiency and solution stability. Moreover, the average satisfaction level was improved in most order-scale scenarios, with the maximum improvement exceeding 40%. The local search mechanisms and adaptive evolution also reduced the service delays for the scheduling timeliness. Overall, the hierarchical multi-objective optimization framework effectively captured the coupling between order allocation and route planning. Coordinated optimization was realized at various decision levels suitable for the intelligent scheduling of multi-depot and multi-type agricultural machinery. The findings can provide strong support for the intelligent scheduling of agricultural machinery.

     

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