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基于RecurDyn/MTT3D的酿酒葡萄防寒被卷收铺放一体机设计与试验

Design and experiment of wine grapes cold-proof cover rolling and laying integrated machine based on RecurDyn/MTT3D

  • 摘要: 针对防寒区防寒被春季卷收和冬季铺放存在作业效率低、劳动强度大的问题,该研究设计了一种防寒被卷收铺放一体机。该机主要由主机架、副机架、液压系统、卷芯以及展被架等组成。整机采用拖拉机三点悬挂方式挂接在拖拉机尾部,通过反向正卷方式实现防寒被高效卷收,铺放时通过防寒被自重带动卷芯转动实现自动铺放。基于RecurDyn/MTT3D(Media Transport Toolkit 3D)建立防寒被柔软媒体模型,并对防寒被的建模参数进行了仿真标定。通过仿真与理论分析了防寒被卷收过程中褶皱产生机理,提出展被架辅助展平方案。以卷芯离地高度、展被架下压角和展平角为因素,采用Box-Behnken 试验优化得到最佳参数:离地高度 1400 mm、下压角10°、展平角120°,对应仿真理论展平率98.2%,牵引阻力335.7 N。加工试验样机并进行田间试验验证。田间试验表明,防寒被在展被架的作用下被有效向两侧展开,在卷芯的作用下能够被较为平整的卷收在卷芯上。展平率97.6%,与仿真结果误差0.6%,该机卷收效率为21.1 s /片、铺放效率为16 s /片,能够满足北方葡萄防寒被卷收与铺放作业需求。研究结果可为后续防寒被卷收和铺放机械研究提供技术参考。

     

    Abstract: The cold and dry winter climate has posed severe threats to the freezing damage and even death to grapevines in the open-field grape cultivation areas, particularly in northern China. It is also essential to prune and lay down the vines before winter for the appropriate cold protection, especially for the high-quality and yield of grapes in the following year. Among them, the cold-proof covers have been widely adopted for cold protection, due to the moisture retention, thermal insulation, reusability, and effective prevention of sandstorms. A low-cost and efficient measure is often required for sand control. However, the current manual laying and rolling operations of cold-proof covers have also limited the large-scale production in recent years. In this study, a multifunctional integrated machine was designed for the rolling and laying operation on the cold-proof covers. The high operation efficiency and low labor intensity were also achieved in the spring rolling and winter laying of cold-proof covers in cold-proof areas. Several components were mainly composed of the machine: a main frame, an auxiliary frame, a hydraulic system, a winding core, and a cover spreading frame. The whole machine was connected to the rear of a tractor using the three-point suspension. The high-efficiency rolling of the cold-proof cover was realized in the reverse forward rolling mode; The self-weight of the cold-proof cover drove the winding core to rotate during laying, particularly for the automatic laying. A flexible media model of the cold-proof cover was established using RecurDyn/MTT3D (Media Transport Toolkit 3D). The modeling parameters were calibrated after the simulation. The generation mechanism of wrinkles during rolling was analyzed using simulation and theoretical research. An auxiliary flattening scheme was proposed with the cover spreading frame. Taking the height of the winding core from the ground, the depression angle, and the flattening angle of the cover spreading frame as the experimental factors, the Box-Behnken experimental design was adopted for parameter optimization. The optimal operation parameters were obtained as follows: The height of the winding core from the ground was 1400 mm, the depression angle of the cover spreading frame was 10°, and the flattening angle was 120°. The flattening rate reached 98.2% with a traction resistance of 335.7 N after simulation under the optimal parameters. A prototype was manufactured for the field experiments. The cold-proof cover was effectively distributed to both sides under the action of the cover spreading frame. The winding was relatively flatly rolled during operation. The actual flattening rate was 97.6%, with an error of only 0.6 percentage points, compared with the simulation. The rolling efficiency of the machine was 21.1 seconds per cover, and the laying efficiency was 16 seconds per cover. The machine can fully meet the operational requirements of rolling and laying cold-proof covers for grapes in northern China. The findings can offer technical references on cold-proof cover rolling and laying machinery.

     

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