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基于DEM-多尺度PNM的土壤微观孔隙结构及水力特征量化表征方法

Characterizing soil micro-pore structure and hydraulic properties using DEM-PNM

  • 摘要: 针对现有土壤孔隙结构无损表征成本高、多尺度表征不足的问题,该研究提出一种基于离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)与孔隙网络模型(pore network model,PNM)相结合的多尺度孔隙结构重构方法。选取6种不同颗粒级配土壤为对象,将目标颗粒级配划分为多个尺度区间(最大与最小粒径之比不超过10),通过离散元法生成不同级配土壤颗粒,提取并融合各尺度孔隙网络,从而实现多尺度孔隙网络模型的构建,并在此基础上模拟土壤水动力特征参数。结果表明:采用多区间离散元重构可准确表征不同级配土壤颗粒分布,颗粒级配模拟结果的决定系数R2均大于0.97,均方根误差RMSE小于3%;构建的多尺度孔隙涵盖103~105数量级的孔隙尺寸范围,能够实现对土壤多尺度孔隙结构的连续完整表征,孔隙喉道半径分布符合对数正态分布;模型预测的水分特征曲线与实测结果之间的R2大于0.97,RMSE小于1.37%;对固有渗透系数和相对气体扩散系数的预测结果与实测值及文献报道结果处于相同数量级。该方法可为颗粒级配影响下土壤孔隙结构、物质传输及孔隙尺度多过程耦合研究提供理论基础。

     

    Abstract: Flow and transport in granular soils are governed by the microstructure of the pore space, which is determined by grain size distribution and their spatial arrangement. However, existing nondestructive characterization of soil pore structure cannot fully meet the multiscale representation, due to the high cost and low accuracy. In this study, a multiscale pore-structure reconstruction was proposed to combine the discrete element method (DEM) and the pore network model (PNM). Six soil samples were selected with different grain-size distributions. A systematic numerical procedure was also used for granular soils generation, multiscale pore-network construction, and flow property simulation. Granular soils were also applied with grain size distribution over multiple orders of magnitude. The soil grain-size distributions were divided into several scale intervals. While the ratio of the maximum to minimum particle size within each interval was controlled to be less than 10. Soil particles were generated with different gradations using DEM. The pore networks were extracted to construct a multiscale pore network model at different scales. Soil hydrodynamic properties were simulated after extraction. The results showed that the multi-interval DEM reconstruction accurately reproduced the particle distribution of soils with different gradations, when the grain size ratio within each interval was controlled below 10. Specifically, the coefficients of determination (R²) were not lower than 0.97 and root mean square errors (RMSE) were below 3%. The multiscale pore network covered a pore size range of 103~105 in magnitude. The pore-throat radius distributions generally followed a lognormal pattern. Compared with conventional single-scale reconstruction, there was a more continuous and complete representation of pore networks in granular materials with a wide particle-size range, thus compensating for the under-detection of the fine pores using X-ray computed tomography. The R² values between the predicted and measured water retention curves were higher than 0.97, and the RMSE values were lower than 1.37%, indicating that the multiscale pore network model accurately captured the structural effects of pore patterns on soil water retention. Multiscale DEM-PNM also reproduced differences in the transport properties among soils. Simulated intrinsic permeability ranged from 4.21 to 1852.68 μm2, and relative gas diffusivity ranged from 0.11 to 0.32, indicating strong effects of pore structure and pore continuity on hydraulic transport. In the soils with available validation data, DEM-PNM predictions were closer to measured intrinsic permeability than CT-PNM ones. The low resolution of CT images was attributed to the fine pores, their underestimated pore connectivity and hydraulic transport. The multi-scale pore network was developed for the influence mechanisms of particle gradation on pore structure and macroscopic transport. Complex physical-chemical-biological reactions were systematically investigated at the pore scale.

     

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