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面向农业装备热管理的泡沫肋微细通道流动沸腾特性

Flow boiling characteristics in a minichannel with porous ribs forthermal management of agricultural equipment

  • 摘要: 针对高热流密度工况下微细通道流动沸腾中传热波动显著、流动稳定性差等问题,该研究提出一种基于三维互联孔隙结构的泡沫肋微细通道,并通过可视化沸腾试验与温度场测量,系统揭示泡沫肋结构对气液流型演化、传热性能及压降特性的影响机制。结果表明:泡沫肋显著强化沸腾传热,传热强化系数稳定在1.3~1.7范围内,通道平均温度最高降低约5.5 ℃;同时,多孔结构有效增大流通面积、降低主流区流速,从而削弱摩擦压降,泡沫肋微细通道总压降低于实体肋微细通道,其中高热流密度下综合性能评价因子可达约1.6左右。此外,泡沫结构促进相邻通道间的动态质量补偿,缓解局部干涸并改善流动均匀性。研究表明,泡沫肋微细通道在实现高效传热强化的同时兼具低流动阻力优势,为高热流密度系统的被动热管理提供了一种高效可靠的思路。

     

    Abstract: Energy consumption is ever increasing in engineering systems, including agricultural machinery. Excessive heat generation has posed a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. It is an urgent demand for high-efficiency thermal-management technologies. Minichannel flow boiling has emerged as a highly promising solution, owing to its high heat-transfer efficiency and compact structure. However, its practical application has been severely constrained by flow instabilities, vapor accumulation, flow maldistribution, and local dryout under high heat-flux conditions. In this study, a porous rib minichannel (PRMC) was proposed to incorporate three-dimensional interconnected open-cell copper foam into parallel minichannels, aiming to simultaneously enhance boiling heat transfer and improve flow stability. A PRMC heat sink was designed and fabricated. A closed-loop experimental system was established using R141b as the working fluid. Systematic experiments were conducted under mass fluxes ranging from 63.5 to 381 kg/(m²·s) and effective heat fluxes up to 61.6 kW/m². High-speed visualization and local temperature measurements were employed to investigate two-phase flow patterns, heat transfer characteristics, temperature distribution, and pressure drop behavior. The performance of the PRMC was quantitatively compared with a conventional solid rib minichannel (SRMC). The results revealed that the porous rib structure significantly altered two-phase flow behavior. PRMC promoted earlier bubble nucleation, nucleate boiling, and the bubbly and slug flow regimes, while delaying the transition to churn and annular flow, compared with SRMC. A dynamic mass compensation was identified, in which vapor penetration into the porous ribs induced transient pressure fluctuations that drove cross-channel liquid redistribution on a millisecond timescale. This mechanism effectively suppressed intermittent dryout for flow uniformity among parallel channels. In terms of heat transfer performance, although the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) showed negligible difference between the two configurations, the boiling curve slope of PRMC was significantly steeper, indicating the superior heat transfer capability. The heat transfer enhancement factor was maintained within 1.3-1.7. Furthermore, PRMC effectively delayed heat transfer deterioration in downstream regions under high heat-flux conditions. Temperature measurements demonstrated that PRMC provided remarkable thermal uniformity. The average wall temperature was reduced by up to 5.5 ℃, compared with SRMC, whereas the temperature rise along the flow direction was more gradual. Under boiling conditions, the maximum temperature difference across the channel was controlled to approximately 1 ℃ for PRMC, significantly lower than the 2-2.5 ℃ observed in SRMC. This improvement was attributed to the synergistic effects of capillary-driven liquid replenishment, enhanced nucleation, and cross-channel fluid redistribution from the porous structure. Additionally, despite the complex geometry, PRMC exhibited a lower pressure drop than SRMC, due to increased effective flow area and reduced mainstream velocity. The performance evaluation criterion (PEC) reached 1.6, indicating a favorable balance between heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reduction. Overall, porous copper ribs and minichannels were integrated to serve as a highly effective passive strategy for the boiling heat transfer, thus suppressing flow instabilities for thermal uniformity. The findings can provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of porous-structure-assisted flow boiling. Valuable guidance can also be offered for the design and optimization of next-generation high-performance thermal management.

     

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