Abstract: Free mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi during growth and metabolism, can undergo covalent conjugation with polar functional groups, including sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids, via enzymatic catalysis by plant endogenous enzyme systems during grain growth or storage, yielding structurally modified derivatives defined as masked mycotoxins. Feed and cereal raw materials are frequently subjected to combined contamination by multiple mycotoxins in practical production, which considerably complicates the analytical landscape. The structural modifications characteristic of masked mycotoxins render these derivatives poorly recognizable in conventional detection systems, as their altered molecular configurations significantly diminish response signals in routine analytical workflows. Upon ingestion and entry into the animal digestive tract, these concealed forms undergo biotransformation through enzymatic hydrolysis mediated by intestinal microorganisms or degradation by digestive fluids, releasing biologically active parent toxins. The liberated parent compounds can then exert potent carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects, posing substantial risks to both animal health and, through food chain accumulation, human well-being. Consequently, the establishment of highly sensitive, operationally straightforward, and field-deployable rapid detection methods specifically tailored for masked mycotoxins holds considerable academic significance and practical value for feed safety assurance. Current conventional detection methodologies primarily comprise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques offer superior separation efficiency and accurate quantification, rendering them suitable for precise laboratory analysis, whereas immunological methods are characterized by operational convenience and cost-effectiveness, amenable to large-scale preliminary screening. Nevertheless, these established methods exhibit inherent limitations in detection sensitivity, analytical throughput, pretreatment complexity, and field applicability. In recent years, an array of emerging detection platforms has been developed, encompassing molecularly imprinted sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, immunochromatographic test strips, aptamer-based sensors, quantum dot-based sensors, and nanozyme-based sensors. These novel systems have achieved notable advancements in recognition specificity, signal sensitivity, and detection timeliness. Molecularly imprinted and aptamer-based sensors, relying on target-specific recognition mechanisms, enable selective enrichment of analytes within complex matrices, effectively enhancing pretreatment efficiency and reducing matrix interference. SERS-, quantum dot-, and nanozyme-based sensors, leveraging respective signal amplification strategies, confer high-sensitivity response toward trace-level targets. Immunochromatographic test strips combine operational simplicity with rapid response, demonstrating favorable applicability for on-site screening. Furthermore, bioassays based on living organisms or cells can simultaneously reflect toxin bioactivity and toxicological profiles, providing a more direct pathway for toxicity assessment. However, the aforementioned emerging technologies still require further breakthroughs in matrix interference resistance, scalable fabrication consistency, and multiplexed detection throughput, constraining their engineering translation from laboratory research to field monitoring of feed safety. The synergistic development of these technologies effectively compensates for the shortcomings of conventional methods in detection efficiency and field adaptability, offering diversified technical support for the rapid identification and risk early warning of masked mycotoxins.This review systematically delineates the formation mechanisms, hazard characteristics, and major structural categories of masked mycotoxins, comprehensively summarizes current research progress in rapid detection technologies, and discusses the application features of individual methods as well as the synergistic advantages of multi-technique integration. On this basis, the development trajectories of mainstream detection technologies are analyzed and projected, aiming to provide a valuable reference for comprehensively upgrading feed safety control standards and optimizing the detection system for masked mycotoxins in feed.