高级检索+

温室棉隆风送旋埋土壤消毒覆膜一体机设计与试验

Design and experiment of greenhouse dazomet air-conveying rotary burying soil disinfection and film mulching machine

  • 摘要: 针对温室土壤消毒作业中棉隆施用均匀性差、工序繁杂且边缘狭窄区域难以有效覆盖的问题,该研究设计了一种可偏置作业的温室风送棉隆旋埋土壤消毒覆膜联合作业智能装备。整机集成棉隆风送精准施用、旋耕混埋、覆膜密封及升降偏置作业功能,基于测速雷达反馈实现棉隆变量施用,以满足温室全域及棚边狭窄区域的土壤消毒需求。对旋耕系统、风送施用系统、覆膜系统及升降偏置系统等关键部件进行系统设计并开展静态试验和田间试验。静态试验建立了棉隆排施量模型,棉隆总排施量稳定性变异系数不大于2.53%,各行排施量一致性变异系数不大于4.77%,排施控制精度良好。田间试验测试了旋耕、偏置、覆膜及棉隆分布均匀性等作业性能。结果表明,棉隆旋埋深度和作业幅宽与理论值误差分别不大于3.3%和1.1%;偏置作业时,不同横向偏移量下旋耕深度稳定性变异系数不大于2.81%;覆膜性能测试中,塑料地膜漏覆土程度不大于1%,采光面机械破损程度不大于50 mm/m2,液态地膜喷杆方向喷量分布均匀性变异系数为5.56%;棉隆分布均匀性试验中,输送管道入口风速是影响横向分布均匀性的主导因素,最优值为6 m/s,机器前进速度对分布均匀性影响较小,在该最优参数下棉隆横向分布变异系数为22.93%、前进方向变异系数为8.02%。整机各系统作业性能可满足温室棉隆土壤消毒农艺要求,该研究可为棉隆土壤消毒智能装备的研发与应用提供理论参考。

     

    Abstract: Protected horticulture in intensive mode has rapidly promoted agricultural production in recent years. However, the soil is prone to breeding pathogenic bacteria and pests under the long-term temperature and humidity environment of protected horticulture crops. In addition, continuous cropping of soil can accumulate pathogenic bacteria, resulting in the frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases and pests, which seriously restricts the high-quality development of the protected horticulture industry. Soil disinfection is often required to prevent and control soil-borne diseases and pests, and even to break down the obstacles of continuous cropping. However, there are still challenges with dazomet soil disinfection equipment. It is necessary to solve the low uniformity of pesticide application, complex procedures, and difficult coverage in the edge area of soil disinfection in a greenhouse. In this study, intelligent soil disinfection equipment was developed for the combined operation of air-conveying dazomet, rotary burying, and film mulching in the greenhouse. The machine also integrated the functions of pesticide application, rotary tillage, film mulching, and bias. The uniform distribution of dazomet was realized in the operating width and forward direction under the air-conveying mode. The dosage was controlled according to the vehicle speed feedback variables. The whole disinfection of the narrow area was realized at the edge of the greenhouse. An optimal combination of parameters was determined, including the rotary tillage, air conveying application, film mulching and lifting offset. Specifically, the rotary tillage depth was 16.8 cm, the rotating speed range of the chute wheel was 10-26 rpm, and the film mulching eccentric swing device realized ±45° back-and-forth swing and two film mulching. A series of tests were conducted to verify the pesticide application performance of rotary tillage and offset. The results showed that the errors between the application depth and operation width of rotary tillage and their theoretical values were less than 3.3% and 0.3%, respectively. The variation coefficient of rotary tillage depth stability was not more than 2.81% under different lateral offsets. The performance was both stable. Then, the static test was conducted to construct the pesticide application dosage model. The variation coefficient of the stability of the total pesticide application dosage was not more than 2.53% under different sheave speeds, while the variation coefficient of the consistency of pesticide application dosage in each row was not more than 4.77%. Furthermore, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of forward speed and inlet wind speed on the distribution uniformity of dazomet. The inlet wind speed was the dominant factor affecting the horizontal distribution uniformity, with the optimal value of 6 m/s, and a minor effect of forward speed. The coefficients of variation of lateral and forward directions were 22.93% and 8.02%, respectively, under the optimal parameters. The performance of the whole machine can meet the agronomic requirements of greenhouse dazomet soil disinfection. The findings can provide a theoretical reference for developing intelligent equipment for soil disinfection.

     

/

返回文章
返回