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基于多维关键表型协同鉴定的葡萄管理预警方法

Grape management early warning method based on collaborative identification of multidimensional key phenotypes

  • 摘要: 针对葡萄田间冠层与水肥管理依赖经验判断、缺乏表型量化感知和预警依据的问题,该研究提出一种基于多维关键表型协同鉴定的葡萄管理预警方法。依据葡萄冠层管理与水肥调控的实际农艺需求,选取果粒形状、果穗形状和果穗紧实度3个表型作为管理预警指标;构建了基于深度学习与统计分析的葡萄关键表型原位鉴定系统,在果粒定向检测和果穗分割网络中引入卷积块注意力模块(convolutional block attention module, CBAM),并基于检测框和分割掩膜提取几何参数,实现田间环境下的果粒定向检测、果穗分割以及果形和穗形判定;同时基于果穗几何特征建立偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)模型,实现果穗紧实度的可解释量化评级。在此基础上,采用多指标加权融合策略构建管理预警模型,实现了关键表型鉴定结果向优先管理需求类别的量化映射。试验结果表明:协同鉴定系统中,果粒定向检测和果穗分割的mAP50分别为85.7%和96.5%;果粒形状、果穗形状和果穗紧实度判定一致率分别为87.0%、92.0%和90.3%,关键表型综合鉴定一致率为78.7%;管理预警整体判别一致率为86.2%,需管理类别判定一致率为84.1%,Macro-F1为85.7%,Kappa系数为0.814。该研究形成了从“表型感知-指标量化-预警输出”的完整技术链路,可为葡萄精准管理提供量化依据和工程参考。

     

    Abstract: Traditional grape management relies heavily on empirical judgment, resulting in strong subjectivity in decision-making and a lack of quantitative phenotypic perception and reliable early warning evidence for timely canopy, water, and fertilizer management. To address these problems, this study proposed a grape management early warning method based on the collaborative identification of multidimensional key phenotypes. First, according to the practical agronomic requirements of grape canopy management and water and fertilizer regulation, berry shape, cluster shape, and cluster compactness were selected as three key phenotypic indicators for management early warning. A collaborative in situ identification system integrating deep learning and statistical analysis was then developed to achieve quantitative characterization of these indicators under field conditions. A convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was integrated into the berry oriented detection and cluster segmentation networks, and geometric parameters were extracted based on the detection bounding boxes and segmentation masks to achieve oriented berry detection, cluster segmentation, and the determination of berry and cluster shapes under field conditions. For more detail, berry length, width, and related geometric parameters were calculated from the oriented bounding boxes to support berry shape determination; cluster length, width, and related geometric parameters were calculated from the segmentation masks to support cluster shape determination. In addition, based on the geometric features extracted from grape clusters, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was established to achieve interpretable and quantitative grading of cluster compactness. On this basis, a multi-indicator weighted fusion strategy was adopted to construct the management early warning model. The outputs of berry shape, cluster shape, and cluster compactness identification were quantified and integrated according to their relative importance, thereby realizing a quantitative mapping from key phenotype identification results to prioritized management requirement categories, including no management required, canopy management, water and fertilizer management, and integrated improvement. Experimental results showed that the proposed collaborative identification system achieved reliable performance under field conditions. The mean average precision at an intersection over union threshold of 0.50 (mAP50) for berry oriented detection and grape cluster segmentation reached 85.7% and 96.5%, respectively. The agreement rates between the model outputs and manual reference labels were 87.0% for berry shape, 92.0% for cluster shape, and 90.3% for cluster compactness. When the three key phenotypes were evaluated jointly, the joint identification agreement rate for the three phenotypes was 78.7%, indicating that the system could provide integrated phenotypic information for subsequent management early warning. For the management early warning model, the overall classification agreement reached 86.2%, while the agreement rate for samples requiring management was 84.1%. The macro-averaged F1-score was 85.7%, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.814, demonstrating a high level of agreement between the model outputs and manual reference labels after correction for chance agreement. These results indicate that the proposed method can effectively integrate multidimensional phenotypic information and distinguish among the priority management categories in the current validation set. The proposed method establishes a complete technical workflow from phenotypic sensing and indicator quantification to early warning output. It provides a quantitative basis for identifying priority management needs in grape production and offers an engineering reference for the development of intelligent systems for precision grape management.

     

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