Abstract: Cassava is a multi-functional cash crop serving as grain, forage, and industrial raw material in tropical and subtropical regions of China, while its production involves multiple labor-intensive field operations. Promoting full-process mechanization is a critical measure for lowering production costs, improving operational efficiency, and facilitating large-scale development of the cassava industry. China’s cassava producing regions are predominated by hilly slope land. Restricted by non-standard regional agronomic practices, large dispersion in biological properties of seed-stems, deep burial and disordered spatial distribution of tubers, as well as complex field soil conditions, existing machinery still confronts prominent technical bottlenecks in aspects such as machinery-agronomy adaptability, precision seed-stem planting, low-damage stem cutting and conveying, drag-reduction excavation of tubers, and tuber-soil separation. To clarify the state-of-the-art research and prospective breakthroughs for key technologies of cassava field mechanization, this paper analyzes the constraint mechanisms of agronomic and biological traits (including planting density, ridge configuration, physical properties of seed-stems, planting posture and tuber spatial distribution) on mechanized operations, covering the whole production chain of planting, field management, stem treatment and tuber harvesting. The research progresses of key technologies and typical equipment are systematically reviewed, including seed-stem feeding-metering, segment cutting and planting, inter-tillage weeding, fertilization and plant protection, stem cutting-conveying and resource-oriented recovery, tuber excavation, tuber-soil separation, conveying and collection. Different technical schemes are compared from the perspectives of operation mechanism, material adaptability, operation quality and damage regulation. Furthermore, this paper summarizes major bottlenecks restricting cassava mechanized production: insufficient matching between regional agronomic modes and machinery performance, poor adaptability of key working components to irregular biological materials, imperfect formation mechanisms and precise regulation systems for mechanical damages of seed-stems and tubers, as well as low operational stability and intelligence level of equipment under complex hilly working conditions. Future studies should prioritize the standardization and regional adaptation of agronomic parameters for cassava mechanized production, develop flexible low-damage working components adaptive to irregular biological materials. By integrating multi-source information perception, intelligent decision-making and adaptive control technologies, a lightweight, low-damage and intelligent full-process mechanized operation system tailored for hilly cassava-producing areas should be constructed. This work can provide theoretical references for innovation of key components, performance optimization of complete machines, and establishment of mechanized production modes for hilly cassava planting regions.