棉籽颗粒在三自由度混联振动筛面上的运动规律

王成军; 刘琼; 马履中; 李龙

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.06.007

棉籽颗粒在三自由度混联振动筛面上的运动规律

1.
安徽理工大学矿业工程博士后流动站，淮南 232001
2.
安徽理工大学机械工程学院，淮南 232001
3.
江苏大学机械工程学院，镇江 212013

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2013M540507）；安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目（R14-3-2Y287）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-12-20
- 修回日期: 2015-02-17
- 发布日期: 2015-03-14

Cottonseed particle motion Law in 3-DOF hybrid vibration screen surface

1.
Mining Engineering Post-doctoral Mobile Station, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入研究和揭示多维振动筛筛面物料运动规律和透筛机理以及设计三自由度混联振动筛，基于机构拓扑结构理论构造了一种全解耦的三自由度混联机构2PRRR－P(2R)，作为三自由度振动筛的主体激振机构；运用D-H变换矩阵推导出筛面的运动轨迹方程，并运用ADAMS软件对振动筛进行运动学仿真，验证了机构设计的可行性；基于离散元法对棉籽颗粒群在三自由度振动筛筛面上的筛分过程进行了模拟分析，表明筛面的三维运动能增加颗粒群在X和Y向的抛掷位移，使颗粒群平均透筛时间缩短；试验结果表明，筛面增加X向的振动后，分散度增加约54%，筛分效率增加约46%；筛面增加X向和Y向的振动后，分散度和筛分效率分别增加约152%和68%，比仅增加X向振动时分别增加约62%和15%，试验结果与EDEM仿真结果一致。研究表明，三自由度混联振动筛能实现筛面沿X、Y、Z向的三维独立振动，其自由度、振幅、频率等振动参数调节方便；筛面的三自由度振动利于颗粒物料在筛面上分散，可大幅提高筛分效率。该研究对进一步研究多维振动筛分机理、研制三自由度混联振动筛产品样机等提供了参考。
- 农业机械 /
- 振动 /
- 机构 /
- 振动筛 /
- 三自由度 /
- 三维离散元法 /
- 棉籽颗粒群
Abstract: Abstract: To further study and reveal material movement rule and penetrating screening mechanism on multidimensional vibrating screen as well as to design a hybrid vibrating screen of three degrees of freedom (3-DOF), the paper, based on topological structure theory in mechanism, has constructed a complete decoupling 3-DOF hybrid organization of 2PRRR－P(2R) as the main body of vibration mechanism in the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen and has designed an experiment prototype of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen. The simulation test of screen movement on the screen surface was carried out and analyzed. Cotton seed particles of ellipsoid were taken as the typical materials. Movement rule of material particle group on the screen surface of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen was analyzed. D-H transformation matrix was used to deduce motion trace equation on the screen surface. The kinematics simulation was carried out with ADAMS software, and the feasibility of the mechanism design has been verified. Based on the discrete element method, the paper used optimal selection of difficult ellipsoid cotton seed particles of ellipsoid that is difficult in screening in agricultural materials as the screening objects, and carried out simulation analysis on screening process of cotton seed particle group on the screen surface of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen. In the simulation test, optimal screen size is 280 mm × 160 mm and contact model between cotton seeds and screen surface belongs to the Hertz model. Set in the rectangle form of 140 mm × 80 mm, particle factory produced 10 000 cotton seed particles and particle generation rate was 5, 000 per second. The simulation time was 8 s. In the experiment, reciprocating motions in Z, XZ and XYZ directions were respectively added on the screen surface. Based on truncation technique, the average values of three-coordinate in borderless particles collision were respectively extracted and the particle group displacement time curve on the screen surface was drawn. Simulation test results showed that when the screen surface vibrated in XYZ direction, three-direction displacement curve of cotton seeds displayed periodicity and the X and Y directions showed the larger throwing displacement. After 3.6 s, particles penetrating screening completed. When the screen surface vibrated in Z direction only, there was a small amount of displacement fluctuation in cotton seed particles in the X and Y directions. After 6.4 s of particles' penetrating screening, the average penetrating screening time increased by 77% compared with vibrating particles group on the screen surface in XYZ direction. When the screen surface vibrated in XZ direction, cotton seeds particles in X direction had the relatively great throwing displacement. After 5.1 s, particles' penetrating screening completed. The average penetrating screening time was shortened to 38% compared with particles group on screen surface in Z direction only. Average penetrating screening time increased by 43% compared with particles group vibration in XYZ direction on the screen surface. Simulation test results showed that the increase of freedom movement on the screen surface in X and Y directions could increase the particles group's throwing displacement in X and Y directions correspondingly, which was conducive to dispersing particles group on the screen surface, reducing average particles' penetrating screening time and improving the screening efficiency. The dispersion and efficiency of cottonseed particles on three translations of 3-DOF vibration screen surface was verified by testing in the multi-dimensional vibration screening test stand, and the test results were in agreement with the simulation. Research showed that 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen could realize three-dimensional independent vibration along the X, Y and Z directions. The vibration parameters such as degrees of freedom of vibration, amplitude, frequency could be adjusted conveniently; 3-DOF vibration on the screen surface was conducive to dispersing particles materials on the screen surface and could significantly improve the screening efficiency. The paper provides the reference for further study on the multidimensional vibration principle and for prototype development of 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen.
- agriculture machinery /
- vibrations /
- mechanisms /
- vibrating screen /
- 3-DOF /
- three dimensional discrete element method /
- cottonseed particle group

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参考文献(30)

[1]	图8 XZ向振动时颗粒群的位移时间曲线Fig.8 Displacement curve of particles in screen surface with X and Z direction vibration图9显示了筛面XYZ向振动时棉籽颗粒的筛分过程，棉籽颗粒在自由下落后，以一定的速度冲击筛面,且与筛面短暂接触,获得能量。由于筛面三向周期性振动，筛面上棉籽颗粒受反弹力作用被不断抛掷，颗粒三向位移曲线呈现周期性。由于颗粒相互碰撞与摩擦，棉籽颗粒运动位移曲线与筛面的运动规律并不完全一致。经过约 3.6 s后，颗粒X和Y向位移曲线突然变化，Z向高度持续降低，表明颗粒已透筛, 颗粒落入落料箱静止。图7显示了筛面仅Z向振动时棉籽颗粒的筛分过程，由于棉籽颗粒外形不规则，颗粒在受反弹力时，颗粒在X、Y向存在少量的位移波动，颗粒经过约6.4 s后透筛,比筛面XYZ振动颗粒群平均透筛时间增加77%。图8显示了筛面XZ向振动时棉籽颗粒的筛分过程，与图7相比X向具有较大的抛掷位移，颗粒经过约5.1 s后透筛, 比筛面仅Z向振动时颗粒群平均透筛时间缩短38%，比筛面XYZ振动时颗粒群平均透筛时间增加43%。a. 颗粒群X方向a. Particles in X directionb. 颗粒群Y方向b. Particles in Y directionc. 颗粒群Z方向c. Particles in Z direction图9 XYZ向振动时颗粒群的位时间曲线Fig.9 Displacement curve of particles in screen surface with X, Y and Z direction vibration分析模拟试验的结果表明, 筛面增加X向、Y向的运动自由度，可相应的增加颗粒群在X向、Y向的抛掷位移，利于颗粒在筛面的分散，使颗粒平均透筛时间减少，提高筛分效率。4 试验验证为了验证EDEM仿真的正确性,在自行研制的多维振动筛分试验台上对棉籽颗粒在三平移三自由度振动筛筛面上的分散度和筛分效率进行试验验证。为验证分散度，将实验台的筛网换成1 mm厚的不锈钢板，并封堵筛框的出料口。取200 g棉籽，将其中50个棉籽颗粒染上红色作为标记样本，按表4中振动参数进行试验，试验时间8 s。颗粒运动停止后，测量标记样本颗粒的坐标值（忽略筛面边界的棉籽），分别计算出3种振动模式下棉籽颗粒的分散度，如表5所示。为验证筛分效率，将样机上筛网换成孔径为6 mm开孔率为35%的1 mm厚不锈钢筛板。取1 000 g棉籽颗粒，按表4中振动参数进行试验，测量振动筛的筛分效率，如表5所示。表5 3种振动模式下棉籽颗粒分散度与筛分效率试验Table 5 Dispersive and efficiency of cottonseed in three vibration conditions筛面自由度DOF of screen surface分散度Dispersive/%筛分效率Efficiency/%Z7.545.7XZ11.667.5XYZ18.977.2试验结果表明，筛面增加X向的振动后，分散度增加约54%，筛分效率增加约46%；筛面增加X向和Y向的振动后，分散度和筛分效率比筛面仅Z向振动分别增加约152%和68%，比筛面增加X向自由度分别增加约62%和15%。试验结果与EDEM模拟试验结果一致。5 结论1）本文设计了三自由度混联振动筛，得出筛面运动轨迹表达式，验证了主体激振机构的完全解耦性。运用ADAMS软件对振动筛进行运动学仿真，验证了振动筛激振机构设计的可行性，并得出了在激振装置中振幅和频率的调节方法。2）利用EDEM软件对三自由度混联振动筛中棉籽颗粒的筛分过程进行模拟试验，结果表明：筛面的三维运动能增加颗粒群在X和Y向的抛掷位移，有利于颗粒分散；比Z向振动时平均透筛时间减少了77%，比XZ向振动时减少了43%，筛分效率显著提高。3）试验结果表明，筛面增加X向的振动后，分散度增加约54%，筛分效率增加约46%；筛面增加X向和Y向的振动后，分散度和筛分效率分别增加约152%和68%，比仅增加X向振动时分别增加约62%和15%，试验结果与EDEM模拟试验的结果相一致。上述研究结果为进一步研究多维振动筛分机理、多维激振机构设计以及多维振动筛样机的研制提供参考。[ 参考文献 ][1]沈惠平，尹洪波，王振，等．基于拓扑结构分析的求解6-SPS并联机构位置正解的研究[J]．机械工程学报，2013，49(21)：71－78．Shen Huiping, Yin Hongbo, Wang Zhen, et al. Research on forward position solutions for 6-SPS parallel mechanisms based on topology structure analysis[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(21): 71－78. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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