Abstract: In order to increase the comprehensive economic benefits of cotton fields and promote the light and simplified technology of cotton and rape planting in the Yangtze River basin. This paper introduced the light and simple cultivation technology suitable for the cotton and rape rotation mode in the Yangtze River basin, including the mechanical soil preparation and fertilization of cotton and rape, variety selection, rape straw returning to the field, field management, chemical regulation, disease, insect and weed prevention and control, etc. The cotton and oil rotation production in the river region has certain reference value.