Abstract: In recent years, with the deterioration of climate, the rapid growth of population and the reduction of arable soil area all over the world, increasing crop yield and meeting food supply have become the focus of attention. This paper discusses the measures to improve crop yield from the aspects of crop photosynthesis transformation efficiency, grafting technology, carbon and nitrogen source absorption and transformation, drought resistance and so on, and summarizes the current situation, existing problems and countermeasures of agricultural development, in order to provide reference for the high-quality development of agriculture.