Abstract: China is a large country of land and forest resources, ranking among the best in the world. With the strong voice of ecological protection in recent years, artificial afforestation projects have increased and forest protection has attracted more and more attention. Strengthening poplar planting technology, strengthening pest control management and effectively improving the economic benefits of poplar afforestation are the key to ensuring ecological benefits. This paper focuses on poplar planting and pest control, and analyzes and combs poplar planting in Xinjiang, so as to provide some reference value for technicians.