Abstract: At present, the production and consumption of aquatic products is one of the important components of Chinese economy,and aquatic products have become an important source of people’s protein. However, in the process of agricultural production, the use of pesticides is not standardized, resulting in the pollution of water resources. The polluted water resources will be absorbed into the body by animals. After pesticides are enriched in aquatic products, their intake will have an impact on human health. Therefore,the quality and safety of aquatic products are directly related to national health and dietary safety. Through the introduction of pesticide detection methods, this paper analyzes the pretreatment methods of pesticide residues in aquatic products, finds out the ways to detect pesticide residues in aquatic products efficiently, improves the efficiency of food safety and quality detection of aquatic products in China, and promotes the healthy development of food.