Abstract: In rice planting, soil fertility is an important factor that directly affects the quality of rice. The use of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the development of green ecological agriculture. Through the rational application of rice straw returning technology,the effect of increasing rice planting yield and income can be realized. Based on the data comparison of rice economic characters and yield, this paper analyzes the role of rice straw returning in rice planting, so as to promote the long-term development of agriculture.