Abstract: Straw returning can effectively change soil structure and increase the stability of soil aggregates. As the main input source of soil carbon pool, straw returning plays a decisive role in soil physical and chemical properties, reducing soil density, increasing porosity, and providing suitable living conditions for crops. Soil organic carbon is formed through the action of microorganisms, which is one of the important indicators to measure soil fertility. Straw returning can increase the content of soil organic carbon through decomposition and decomposition, and provide favorable living conditions for soil microorganisms. This paper summarizes the effects of straw returning on soil organic carbon accumulation from three aspects: different straw returning methods, different crop straw returning and different returning amount, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the maximization of the benefits of straw returning on soil organic carbon accumulation.