Abstract: In agricultural production, the abuse of chemical fertilizer is common, which not only wastes resources, but also causes serious agricultural pollution and affects the quality of crops. In the context of the development of agricultural modernization, we should standardize the use of chemical fertilizer, implement the reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer, achieve the goal of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizer, and promote the green production and development of agriculture. Taking Shaanxi Province as an example, this paper summarizes the harm of chemical fertilizer abuse. The ways to reduce and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizer and realize the zero growth of chemical fertilizer use were analyzed. The guarantee countermeasures of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase were discussed.