Abstract: Based on the increasingly serious situation of arable land abandonment in hilly and mountainous areas, an investigation was conducted on the situation of arable land abandonment in Macheng City, and the reasons and hazards of arable land abandonment were analyzed. It is believed that measures such as optimizing the agricultural labor structure, improving agricultural infrastructure conditions, improving farmers’ planting efficiency, promoting balanced use of project funds, and improving regulations for grassroots organization management of arable land abandonment functions can effectively reduce arable land abandonment.