Abstract: Based on the perennial location monitoring of gerbils and Meriones meridionalis in Gurbantonggute desert in Mulei County and Qitai County, this paper summarizes the relevant investigation and monitoring technologies and control countermeasures for desert rodents. The prediction and prediction of the population dynamics（quantitative dynamics and spatial dynamics） of desert harmful rats should be based on the accumulation of a large number of monitoring data, establish a correlation analysis model, find out the harm law, and carry out scientific prevention and control. It is suggested that desert rodents, as an important part of the grassland ecosystem, should not be eradicated even for prevention and control. Appropriate comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken as far as possible to control the rodent damage within the threshold and ensure the harmonious coexistence between rodents and nature.