Abstract: Mechanized maize straw crushing and returning to the field is a link of segmented corn harvest. In recent years, Gansu Province has vigorously promoted the technology of maize straw chopping and returning to the field, which increases soil fertility and promotes the upgrading and acceleration of human settlements. This paper discusses the quality index, detection method and judgment rules of mechanized maize straw crushing and returning in dry land, so as to provide technical reference for standardizing the operation quality of maize straw crushing and returning machine in dry land and evaluating its operation quality.