Abstract: With high comprehensive utilization value and wide application, it is an excellent choice to break the bottleneck of oil supply and implement agricultural sustainable development in China. This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics and application value of Cyperus esculentus, explains the important economic role of Cyperus esculentus, expounds the research and development status of Cyperus esculentus sowing and harvesting machinery, and analyzes the main problems of mechanized sowing and harvesting, in order to promote the development of Cyperus esculentus planting and mechanization.