Abstract: This paper summarized the feasibility of EMS chemical mutagenesis for saline-alkali resistant sweet sorghum cultivation,analyzed the mechanism of EMS chemical mutagenesis, and studied the application of EMS chemical mutagenesis technology in saline-alkali resistant sweet sorghum cultivation. First, sweet sorghum seeds were chemically mutagenic by EMS chemical mutagens and a mutant library was established. Then, these mutants were planted in severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, and the saline-alkali resistant sweet sorghum mutants were identified and screened by saline-alkali tolerance indexes, so as to realize the cultivation of saline-alkali resistant sweet sorghum.