Abstract: Insect infestation is an important factor in the production process of grain, fruit and other crops. The occurrence of insect infestation will lead to crop yield reduction and economic loss. This paper designed a pest monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, which can realize the monitoring and telemetry operation of orchard environment such as pest identification, soil parameter collection, temperature and humidity collection, illumination collection. When the temperature, humidity and soil parameters of the pest monitoring system reach the threshold, the alarm will be triggered and displayed on the mobile terminal. After the monitoring module recognizes the pest, the system will conduct a one-time identification of the pest through the local image processing module to provide baseline data for the secondary identification in the cloud. The application of this system can improve the accuracy of pest identification and facilitate the orchard management.