Abstract: With the rapid development of global industry, China’s soil, air and water have been seriously polluted by heavy metals, and the problem of food security has become increasingly prominent. The 13 th five year plan of ecological environment protection takes the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution as an important task, which has been widely concerned by all walks of life. At present, the research of heavy metal pollution in China is mostly focused on water and soil, but little on food. In view of this, this paper will discuss the current situation and detection technology of rice heavy metal pollution in China, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the first-line work.