Abstract: With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the scale of urbanization is getting larger and larger. As an important part of urban construction, garden engineering must pay attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, so as to guarantee the quality of garden construction and ensure the good development of urban ecological environment. However, plant diseases and insect pests have the characteristics of many types, complex structures and long-term damage to plants. When carrying out prevention and control work, it is necessary to combine the actual situation, and selectively apply ecological prevention and control technologies to improve the prevention and control effect. This paper studied the current situation and measures of the prevention and control of urban garden plant diseases and insect pests under the construction of ecological civilization.