Abstract: The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a new rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue, which is a new exploration to improve the new rural governance system. This paper first combed the development of rural ruling system since the people’s commune system, and then analyzed the existing problems in the current rural ruling system from four aspects: grass-roots party organization construction, autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue. Taking the new grass-roots governance model of "five-dimensional co-governance" in Fengyang County as an example, this paper discussed the construction of a new rural social governance system to provide a solid social foundation guarantee for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.