Abstract: In order to protect the genetic diversity and meet the needs of high quality development of Nelumbo nucifera, germplasm resources of Nelumbo nucifera were collected from imported species at home and abroad to establish a germplasm resource bank in Hunan Province. In order to solve the problem of breakthrough new germplasm and delayed breeding of excellent new varieties of Nelumbo nucifera, selected high quality and high yield varieties of Nelumbo nucifera suitable for planting in Hunan by using the whole growth cycle observation technique. Based on the investigation of the current situation of the germplasm bank of Nelumbo nucifera at home and abroad, the necessity of the construction of the germplasm bank of Nelumbo nucifera was analyzed, the objectives and present situation of the construction of the germplasm bank of Nelumbo nucifera in Hunan were introduced, and the idea and overall planning of the construction of the germplasm bank of Nelumbo nucifera in Hunan were discussed.