Abstract: In this paper, the distribution and floristic composition of rodents in Loufan area, were investigated on the basis of collecting physical specimens. It is found that there are twelve species of rodents in Loufan County, belonging to four families and nine genera.There are 9 species belonging to the Palaearctic, accounting for 75.00%; one species belonging to the Oriental, accounting for 8.33%; and two species widely distributed, accounting for 16.67%. The rodent species in this area account for 5.56% of the total rodent species in China, 24.49% of the total rodent species in the Loess Plateau, 52.17% of the total rodent species in Shanxi Province. The loess hilly area with an altitude of 1 200～1 500 m is a concentrated distribution area of rodents. There are 11 rodent species in total. There are fewer rodents in the river valley with an altitude of less than 1 200 m, and only four rodents are distributed. The average trapping rate of rodents in autumn was 8.82%.