Abstract: Citrullus lanatus grafting cultivation is an effective measure to overcome the obstacle of watermelon recropping, prevent wilt disease and achieve high and stable yield, but the quality problems of Citrullus lanatus skin thickening, odor, hard flesh and quality decline often occur during grafting cultivation. Taking open field Citrullus lanatus planting in Chang ’an District of Xi’an City as an example, the influence of different rootstocks grafting on the yield and quality of open field Citrullus lanatus in Chang ’an District was compared and analyzed, and the ideal rootstocks suitable for the soil and climate characteristics of the area were selected.