Abstract: Gaoyuan 166 and Gaoyuan 398 wheat varieties were used as materials, different concentrations of PEG-6000 were used to simulate drought stress using Gaoyuan 166 and Gaoyuan 398 wheat cultivars as materials, and the effects of drought stress on physiological indexes of seedling stage wheat cultivars were explored, in order to provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding of wheat. The results showed that with the intensification of drought stress, the SOD activity, SS and Pro content of the two wheat cultivars showed an upward trend, and the MDA content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and under mild drought stress, the MDA content of Gaoyuan 398 increased lower than that of Gaoyuan 166. Under severe drought stress, the SOD activity, SS and Pro content of Gaoyuan 398 increased higher than that of Gaoyuan 166. It is indicated that the drought tolerance of Gaoyuan 398 is better than that of Gaoyuan 166.