Abstract: In this study, the essential oil of Artemisia argyi collected from 2017 to 2020 is extracted by hydrodistillation, and the extraction processing is optimized by orthogonal test, the main components of the essential oil of Artemisia argyi in different years are compared and analyzed by GC-MS, and the antimicrobial（antibacterial and antifungal） activity of the essential oil is evaluated by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that the oil yield of Artemisia argyi leaves collected in 2017 is the highest, with an oil yield of about 1.2%. The best extraction processing of Artemisia argyi essential oil is soaking for 6h and extracting for 6 h with a material liquid ratio of 1∶14. In 2017, 30 main components were identified in the essential oil of Artemisia argyi, in 2018, 13 main components were identified in the essential oil of Artemisia argyi, and in 2019, 25 main components were identified in the essential oil of Artemisia argyi. The main components in essential oil from different years were basically similar, such as Eucalyptol, Camphor, and Bomeol, which may contribute to the antimicrobial activity of Artemisia argyi essential oil.