Abstract: Bamboo was pretreated by choline chloride(ChCl)/1, 4-butanediol(BDO)/AlCl₃ deep eutectic solvent(DES) system with a solid to liquid ratio of 1∶4(g∶g) at 90-130 ℃. The effects of DES reaction system with high loading capacity of lignocellulose on chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, and lignin recovery of moso bamboo were investigated at different temperatures. The results of the research showed that the mass fractions of xylan and lignin in the pretreated substrates decreased gradually with the increase of pretreatment temperature, while the mass fraction of glucan increased, and the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency increased significantly. When conducting pretreatment at the optimal condition of 110 ℃, the recovery rate of pretreated substrates was 59.24%, and the recovery rate of glucan and xylan were 91.38% and 27.03%, respectively. The lignin removal ratio was 69.72%, and the glucan enzymatic hydrolysis yield reached almost 100%, indicating that the ChCl/BDO/AlCl₃ ternary DES system could greatly improve the pretreatment efficiency of moso bamboo. Further research showed that more than 90% lignin in the pretreatment liquid could be recovered by sequential organic solvent dissolution and reprecipitation, and the purity of the recovered lignin had high value of 99.26%. From the mass balance, it was found that each component of moso bamboo could be separated and transformed effectively.