Abstract: The rapid development of China’s economy is inseparable from the support of the agricultural industry. As a basic industry,agriculture provides people with a large number of living materials and development guarantee. The population base of China is relatively large, and the change range of domestic and foreign agricultural markets is relatively high, so it is necessary to improve and optimize the agricultural industry according to the actual situation of China, so as to meet the development demand of the market. This paper introduces the composition of China’s agricultural industrial structure, analyzes the impact of the adjustment of China’s agricultural industrial structure, and puts forward countermeasures to improve China’s agricultural industrial structure.