Abstract: This paper expounds the concept of nature reserve and ecological environment restoration, and introduces the basic situation, existing problems and causes of Xidamingshan Nature Reserve. In view of a series of ecological problems, such as serious water pollution, large exposed mountain area, single forest species structure, aggravated soil and water loss and damaged species diversity, the systematic management concept of "life community" of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses is practiced. In order to provide reference and inspiration for the ecological restoration of other nature reserves, specific ecological and environmental restoration measures are put forward, such as ecological restoration of water source, restoration of exposed mountains, restoration of natural forests and artificial pure forests, control of rocky desertification and soil erosion, systematic regulation and ecological restoration of mines, and protection of endangered animal habitats.