Abstract: Intelligent agricultural monitoring is actually the application of wireless sensor networks in agricultural monitoring scenarios to collect real-time farmland, weather, aquaculture and other aspects of data. Multiple micro-embedded systems cooperate to form a wireless sensor network, which can monitor, sense, collect and process environmental information in real time, and carry out information interaction by wireless communication. Wireless sensor network coverage is the basis of wireless sensor network monitoring,which directly affects the perceived quality of the network. The coverage problem model of wireless sensor networks for agricultural scenarios is established, and an optimal coverage optimization strategy based on improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed, which improves the network coverage and algorithm convergence, and obtains the optimal sensor node coverage.