Abstract: In the process of exploring the application potential of domestic satellite-borne LiDAR satellite waveform data in the estimation of forest structure parameters, simulating the received waveform of the satellite is a very important part of it. In the process of waveform simulation, to solve the problem of irregular terrain undulations and complex forest layer structure, the finite element principle was implemented to realize the simulation of random terrain and forest stand three-dimensional information. To solve the problem of energy attenuation during laser pulse transmission, the laser radar radiation transmission model was used. To verify the effectiveness of the built echo simulation system, the ICESat-GLAS measured waveform data, which was similar to the received waveform of the domestic spaceborne LiDAR, was used to verify the GLAS simulation waveform data. The research results showed that the correlation coefficient between the simulated waveform and the measured waveform of the transmitted wave was 0.96. When the errain slope was 0°～10°, 10°～20°, 20°～30°, and above 30°, the mean values of the correlation coefficients between the simulated received waveform and the measured waveform were 0.90, 0.88, 0.85, and 0.81, respectively. When the canopy closure was 0～0.2, 0.2～0.4, 0.4～0.6, 0.6～0.8, and 0.8～1.0, the mean values of the correlation coefficients between the simulated received waveform and the measured waveform were 0.81, 0.80, 0.84, 0.88, and 0.90, respectively. The mean values of correlation coefficients between the simulated received waveform and measured waveform of coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and mixed forest were 0.85, 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. The research results showed that the built echo simulation system can be used for domestic spaceborne LiDAR echo simulation. The simulation waveforms of domestic spaceborne LiDAR obtained can provide data support for the estimation of forest structure parameters.