Design and Test of Static Sliding Cut Angle Constant Cutting Machine for Chain Oil Sunflower Harvester Header
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摘要: 针对油葵缺乏适用切割器的问题,设计了拨禾链式油葵割台切割器。在阐述拨禾链式油葵割台切割器结构和工作原理的基础上,对滑切角恒定刀刃进行设计,确定了影响切割性能的关键结构与工作参数。对切割过程中植株受力和植株滑切过程功耗进行分析,确定了滑切角的选用范围;对割刀运动轨迹进行分析,明确了割刀转速范围;对植株几何切割位置进行分析,推导得出割刀安装位置范围。通过单因素试验得出,在滑切角为50°～70°、割刀转速为750～1 050 r/min、相对位置为100～300 mm范围内时,切割器功耗低、落粒损失率小。通过二次正交旋转试验构建了转速、滑切角、相对位置与功耗、落粒损失率的回归方程,优化得出较优作业参数为:滑切角61°、转速750 r/min、相对位置180 mm,此时对应功耗最小值为64.08 W,落粒损失率最小值为1.24%。为了验证该参数组合的准确性,进行了台架试验,结果表明,实际切割功耗为66.12 W,实际落粒损失率为1.28%,与预测值的误差在5%以内,该切割器满足油葵低损失切割要求。Abstract: In view of the lack of suitable harvesting machinery for oil sunflower,the design and test of cutting machine for chain oil sunflower harvesting head were carried out.On the basis of expounding the structure and working principle of the cutter of chain oil sunflower cutting table,a rotary sawing blade was developed which had constant static slip angle and designed by using the mathematical equation of logarithmic helix,and the key structure and working parameters affecting the cutting performance were determined.The power consumption model of the sliding cutting process was analyzed to determine the selection range of the sliding cutting angle;the cutter’s track was analyzed,the speed range was defined.Based on the analysis of geometric cutting position of plant,the range of installation position of cutting knife was deduced.The result was obtained by single factor experiment under the condition that the slip angle was 50°～70°,the cutting speed was 750～1 050 r/min and the relative position was 100 ～300 mm,the cutting power consumption was low and grain loss rate was less.The regression equations of the relationship between rotational speed,slip angle,relative position,and real-time power consumption and overall grain loss rate were constructed by quadratic orthogonal rotation test.By solving the regression equation,the optimum parameters were obtained as follows:the slip angle was 61°,the rotational speed was 750 r/min and the relative distance was 180 mm.At this point,the corresponding minimum power consumption value was 64.08 W,and the grain loss rate was 1.24%.In order to verify the accuracy of optimal parameter combination,a bench test was carried out,experimental results showed that the actual cutting power consumption was 66.12 W,the actual drop loss rate was 1.28%,the absolute error between the actual value and the predicted value was less than 5%,and the cutter met the requirements of low loss cutting of oil sunflower.
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Keywords:
- oil sunflower harvester /
- reel chain /
- rotary sawing cutter /
- static sliding angle
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