Abstract:
In order to explore the best water-fertilizer cooperative control system for apple tree planting in semi-arid northern China under the condition of integrated drip irrigation and fertilization, two experimental factors(irrigation and fertilization) were set, among which irrigation was 75%θ
f~90%θ
f(W1), 65%θ
f~80%θ
f(W2), 55%θ
f~70% θ
f(W3) and 45%θ
f~60% θ
f(W4) of field water capacity, respectively, and fertilization mass ratio of N, P
2O
5, K
2O to air-dried soil was 0.9 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg(F1), 0.6 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg(F2), and 0.3 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg(F3), respectively. The effects of cooperative regulation of drip irrigation and fertilization on the growth physiological indexes, dry matter quality and yield, fruit quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency of apple trees were analyzed. Finally, an apple comprehensive index evaluation model aiming at high efficiency, yield and fruit quality was established based on TOPSIS method. The results showed that under the cooperative control of drip irrigation and fertilization, the maximum values of apple tree growth, basal stem growth and leaf area appeared in F1W2 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of apple tree were basically increased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate, and the maximum values appeared in F1W1 treatment. There was no significant difference between F1W1 and F1W2 in dry matter quality and yield during the whole growth period, and the maximum value of water use efficiency and water productivity appeared in F1W2 treatment, which was increased by 10.6% and 11.1% compared with that of F1W1 treatment, respectively. Fertilizer partial productivity was basically increased with irrigation increasing and fertilizer decreasing. Increasing irrigation amount was beneficial to increase apple color index, fruit shape index and sugar-acid ratio, and increasing fertilizer amount was beneficial to increase apple fruit quality, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive evaluation model was established by synthesizing 17 indexes of four categories, and the final weight value of each index was taken into the calculation. It was concluded that the closest degree of F1W2 treatment was 0.765 3, and the comprehensive index evaluation of apple was the best under this treatment, while that of F3W4 treatment was only 0.258 3. In conclusion, F1W2 treatment under the cooperative control of drip irrigation and fertilization was the best water and fertilizer management system for apple trees.