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基于AquaCrop模型的玉米全膜双垄沟播技术研究

Soil Moisture Modeling of Corn Full-film Double Ridge Ditch Sowing Based on AquaCrop Model

  • 摘要: 采用以水为驱动力的AquaCrop模型对定西市2016—2020年玉米全膜双垄沟播技术模拟产量进行研究,分别建立I1(裸地种植)、I2(覆膜率为45%的窄膜种植)、I3(覆膜率为81.8%的宽膜种植)、I4(覆膜率为100%全膜双垄沟播技术种植)4种种植模式,对比分析4种模式的产量优越性与环境适应性,得出播种日期以及降雨量与土壤含水率关系。AquaCrop模拟结果表明,该模型适宜模拟定西市旱作农业,I4模式产量模拟值和实测值之间皮尔逊相关系数(r)均大于0.91、均方根误差(RMSE)为0.1~0.24、归一化均方根误差(CV(RMSE))为1.66%~2.10%、纳什效率系数(EF)均大于0.9、一致性指数(d)大于0.94。定西市最佳播种日期选取平均气温稳定在15℃左右(每年4月15—25日左右),该时段播种后产量最高,种植模式I4产量、地上生物量、水分生产力比种植模式I1分别高84.01%、19.79%、101.13%,比种植模式I2分别高82.26%、19.74%、85.47%,比种植模式I3分别高63.26%、14.80%、82.63%;干旱年种植模式I4土壤总含水率比I1、I2、I3模型均高90%以上,丰水年均高80%以上;2000—2020年间耗水量大于有效降雨量有7 a,耗水量小于有效降雨量有13 a,模拟结果表明全膜双垄沟播技术耗水量与降雨量持平,不会透支土壤水分。

     

    Abstract: The AquaCrop model driven by water was used to study the simulated yield of full film double ridge sowing technology of corn in Dingxi City from 2016 to 2020, and I1(bare land planting), I2(narrow film planting with 45% mulching rate), I3(wide film planting with 81.8% mulching rate) and I4(full film double ridge planting with 100% mulching rate) were established respectively. The yield superiority and environmental adaptability of the four models were compared and analyzed, The relationship between sowing date, rainfall and soil moisture was obtained. The results of AquaCrop simulation showed that the model was suitable for simulating dry farming in Dingxi City. The Pearson correlation coefficient(r) between the output simulation value and the measured value of I4 model was greater than 0.91, the root mean square error(RMSE) was 0.1~0.24, the normalized root mean square error(CV(RMSE)) was 1.66%~2.10%, the Nash efficiency coefficient(EF) was greater than 0.9, and the consistency index(d) was greater than 0.94. The average temperature of the best sowing date in Dingxi City was stable at about 15℃(about April 15-25 every year). The yield after sowing was the highest in this period. The yield, aboveground biomass and water productivity of the planting mode I4 model were 84.01%, 19.79% and 101.13% higher than that of the planting mode I1 model, 82.26%, 19.74% and 85.47% higher than that of the planting mode I2 model, and 63.26%, 14.80% and 82.63% higher than that of the planting mode I3 model, respectively. The total soil water content of I4 model in dry years was more than 90% higher than that of I1, I2 and I3 models, and more than 80% higher in wet years. From 2000 to 2020, the water consumption was higher than the effective rainfall for seven years, and the water consumption was lower than the effective rainfall for 13 years. The simulation results showed that the water consumption of the full film double ridge sowing technology was equal to the rainfall, and the soil water would not be overdrawn.

     

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