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玉米高速精量播种机正压气流辅助吹送导种装置研究

Research on Positive Pressure Airflow Assisted Blowing and Seed Guiding Device of Corn High-speed Precision Planter

  • 摘要: 玉米播种机高速、精量作业时,投种点高,种子因剧烈碰撞,而导致粒距均匀性差,为此基于文丘里原理,设计一种利用正压气流辅助输种的导种装置,确定了导种装置的主要结构和关键参数。分析了气流辅助输种,实现“零速投种”的机理。采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真方法模拟导种装置的工作过程,通过对比分析气流场、种子的出射速度,确定进气室收缩角为70°、进气室收缩段长度为8.2 mm。利用排种器性能测试平台进行速度匹配试验、弹跳试验、作业性能试验和对比试验,结果表明:作业速度为8~16 km/h、粒距为20~25 cm时,合格指数不小于85.7%;粒距变异系数不大于15.8%。与重力式导种管相比,作业速度越高,正压气流辅助导种装置的优良作业性能越突出,作业速度为16 km/h时,粒距合格指数增加13.6个百分点,粒距变异系数减少7.4个百分点,满足高速条件下精量输种的要求,有利于提升高速精量播种机整体作业性能。

     

    Abstract: In order to solve the problem that when the corn planter works at high speed and precision, the seed throwing point is high and the seed collides violently, which leads to the poor uniformity of grain spacing, a seed guiding device assisted by positive pressure air flow was designed based on Venturi principle. the main structure and key parameters of the seed guiding device were determined. The mechanism of air-assisted delivering seeds to realize “zero-speed seeding” was analyzed. The DEM-CFD coupling simulation method was used to simulate the working process of the seed guiding device. By comparing and analyzing the airflow field and the seed exit velocity, it was determined that the constriction angle of the intake chamber was 70°, and the length of the constriction section of the intake chamber was 8.2 mm. The speed matching test, bouncing test, operation performance test and comparison test were carried out on the performance test platform of the seed metering device. The results showed that when the operating speed was 8~16 km/h and the grain spacing was 20~25 cm, the qualified rate was not less than 85.7%; and the coefficient of variation of particle spacing was not more than 15.8%. Compared with the gravity type seed guide tube, the higher the operating speed was, the more outstanding the excellent operating performance of the positive pressure airflow assisted seed guide device was. When the operating speed was 16 km/h, the qualified rate of particle spacing was increased by 13.6 percentage points and the coefficient of variation of particle spacing was decreased by 7.4 percentage points, which met the requirements of precision seeding under high-speed conditions and was conducive to improving the overall performance of high-speed precision seeders.

     

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