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多级切流式花生捡拾收获机摘果输送装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Peanut Pod-picking and Conveying Device of Multistage Tangential Flow Type Peanut Combine

  • 摘要: 全喂入切流式花生摘果作业方式作为花生机械化收获的主要手段,存在有效摘果时间短、损失率高的问题。为此设计一种多级切流式花生捡拾收获机摘果输送装置,主要由多级滚筒、前输送板、驱振轴和后输送板等组成,将传统花生捡拾收获机的摘果装置与输送装置一体化,采用7级滚筒串联与振动输送组合的结构形式实现摘果与输送协同作业。本文在对关键部件作业原理分析的基础上进行结构和参数设计;采用离散元软件EDEM仿真优化方法对输送板的运动参数(方向角、振幅、频率)进行仿真分析;以花生主产区典型品种“大白沙”作为研究对象,通过田间试验对摘果输送装置的作业性能进行试验验证。结果表明,当花生植株喂入量5.6 kg/s、二级滚筒转速325 r/min、其他滚筒转速239 r/min、输送板方向角25°、振幅45 mm、频率7 Hz时,花生摘净率98.41%,破损率4.76%,夹带损失率1.46%。各项性能均满足设计要求。

     

    Abstract: The full-feed tangential flow type peanut picking operation as the main way of peanut mechanization harvest has problems on short effective time and high loss rate of pod-picking. In order to solve this problem, a multistage tangential flow peanut picker and conveying device was developed which mainly composed of multistage pod-picking cylinder, front conveying plate, vibration drive shaft and rear conveying plate. The conveying device and the pod-picking device of traditional peanut combine harvester were integrated. The mechanism of seven-stage roller in series combined with vibration conveying was proposed to realize synchronous operation of pod-picking and conveying. The structure and parameters of the key components were designed on the basis of the operating principle analysis. The simulation and optimization method of discrete element software EDEM was used to analyze the motion parameters(direction angle, amplitude, frequency) of the conveying board. Taking the typical peanut variety “Dabaisha” in the main producing area as the research object, the simulation results were verified by field experiments in Zhumadian City, Henan Province. The results showed that when the feeding amount of peanut plants, the rotation speed of the second pod-picking cylinder, the rotation speed of the other six pod-picking cylinders, the direction angle of the conveying plate, the amplitude and the frequency were set to be 5.6 kg/s, 325 r/min, 239 r/min, 25°, 45 mm and 7 Hz respectively, the picking rate, breakage rate and enrolling loss rate of peanut were 98.41%, 4.76% and 1.46%, respectively. The research results were helpful for the development and promotion of mechanized peanut harvesting technology.

     

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