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窄行密植西洋参精密播种机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Narrow-row-dense-planting Precision Planter for American Ginseng

  • 摘要: 针对现有条播或大行株距穴播机难以满足西洋参窄行密植精密播种农艺要求、西洋参机械化种植缺乏适用播种机械的问题,设计了一种采用多行并联气力针式排种装置和行星轮点播式导种装置的窄行密植西洋参精密播种机。阐述了播种机及排种装置结构原理与整机传动方案,重点设计了行星轮点播式全约束导种装置,通过机构分析确定了行星轮系的结构参数;通过卸种过程理论分析和高速摄影试验,明确了卸种轨迹影响因素和卸种水平位移,确定了导种装置插播器接种口尺寸和合适卸种正压;通过导种轨迹理论与仿真分析,明确了插播器运动规律和低位零速投种条件,确定了导种装置投种控制凸轮轮廓。播种机田间试验结果表明,当吸种负压为-4.5 kPa、卸种正压为3.0 kPa、作业速度为0.54 km/h时,设计的播种机穴粒数合格率为86.2%,重播率为4.4%,空穴率为9.4%,播深合格率为92.8%,穴距合格率为93.9%,满足西洋参播种农艺要求。

     

    Abstract: Considering the problems that the existing drill or large row spacing hole-drop planter could not meet the agronomy requirements of American ginseng for narrow-row-dense-planting precision planting, and the mechanized planting of American ginseng lacked suitable planting machinery, a narrow-row-dense-planting precision planter for American ginseng was designed, which adopted multi-row parallel pneumatic needle seed metering device and planet-wheel dibbling seed guiding device. The structure principle of the planter and seed metering device was expounded and the transmission scheme of the whole machine was designed. The planet-wheel dibbling full-constrained seed guiding device was designed emphatically. The structural parameters of planetary gear systems were determined through mechanism analysis. The theoretical analysis and high-speed photography experiment of seed unloading process were carried out to determine the horizontal displacement and influencing factors of seed unloading trajectory, and determine the opening size of inserting apparatus of seed guiding device and the appropriate pressure of seed unloading. The theory and simulation analysis of seed guiding trajectory were carried out to determine the motion law of inserting apparatus and the low-position zero-speed dropping condition, and determine the profile of dropping control cam of seed guiding device. The results of field validation experiment showed that when the negative pressure of seed suction was-4.5 kPa, the positive pressure of seed unloading was 3.0 kPa and the working speed was 0.54 km/h, the qualified rate of seed per hole was 86.2%, the multiple rate was 4.4%, the seed-missing rate was 9.4%, the qualified rate of seed depth was 92.8%, and the qualified rate of hole distance was 93.9%, which met the agronomy requirements of American ginseng planting.

     

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