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坡耕地鸭嘴式玉米排种器间歇同步充补装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Intermittent Synchronous Seeding and Reseeding Device of Duck-billed Corn Seed Metering Machine in Sloping Farmland

  • 摘要: 针对坡耕地环境下鸭嘴式玉米排种器排种质量差及性能不稳定等问题,以鸭嘴式玉米排种器为载体,设计了一种配套的间歇同步充补装置。阐述了排种器整体结构及工作原理,分析了种子在排种器内部排种、补种及导种过程,优化了间歇同步充补装置摇杆、内棘轮和鸭嘴式排种器直角导种部件等关键部件结构参数。结合理论分析和坡耕地播种农艺要求,选取作业速度、回位弹簧预紧力和作业坡角为试验因素,合格指数和变异系数为性能指标进行了单因素试验、正交试验及台架对比试验。试验结果表明,性能指标随作业速度和作业坡角增加先增加后降低,随回位弹簧预紧力增加先增加后趋于平稳;当作业速度为1 m/s、回位弹簧预紧力为15.6 N(型号T4,丝径为1 mm,中径为7 mm,原长为25 mm)、作业坡角为12°时,其排种性能较优,合格指数为98.7%,变异系数为10.2%;较传统鸭嘴式排种器其合格指数提高了9.5个百分点,满足坡耕地环境下精量播种作业要求。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of poor seeding quality and unstable performance of the duck-billed corn seed metering device under slope farming conditions, taking duckbill corn metering device as carrier, an intermittent synchronous seeding and reseeding device was designed. The overall structure and working principle of the seed metering device were described, the seeding, reseeding and seed guiding process of the corn seeds inside the seed metering device were analyzed, the structure parameters of key components such as the intermittent synchronous seeding and reseeding device of rocker, inner ratchet and duckbill type seed metering device of right-angle seed guide components were optimized. Combining theoretical analysis and agronomic requirements for sloping farmland sowing, the single factor test, orthogonal test and bed comparison experiment were carried out by selecting operating speed, return spring preload and operating slope angle as test factors, and taking seeding qualified index and seeding coefficient of variation as test indicators. The experiment results showed that the performance index was increased first and then decreased with the increase of working speed and working slope angle, as the return spring preload increased, it was firstly increased and then stabilized. When the operating speed was 1 m/s, the return spring preload was 15.6 N(model T4, wire diameter was 1 mm, middle diameter was 7 mm, original length was 25 mm), and the operating slope angle was 12°, the seeding performance was the best, with seeding qualified index of 98.7% and seeding coefficient of variation of 10.2%. Compared with the traditional duckbill precision seed metering device, its eligibility index was increased by 9.5 percentage points, and it can meet the requirements of planting operations in sloping farmland environment. The research result can provide reference for the R&D and design of key technologies and supporting working parts for seeding under sloping farmland conditions.

     

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