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水田带状复式整地机关键部件设计与试验

Design and Test on Key Components of Strip Compound Ground Preparation Machine in Paddy Field

  • 摘要: 针对水稻宽窄行栽培模式中苗床整地的技术特点,设计一种带状少耕整地复式作业机具,解决规模化水田整地作业的少、免耕技术问题,实现水田苗床间隔精细整地、浅松及条施肥复式作业。根据现有水稻宽窄行种植行距要求,通过对其带状旋耕部件运动学分析以及特殊旋耕刀片设计,确定了带状旋耕机构的关键参数,实现300 mm整地作业带,相邻300 mm区域为免耕带;通过EDEM离散元运动学仿真,运用正交旋转组合试验的方法优化多区段旋耕刀组最佳排列方式、机具的前进速度和刀轴转速。田间试验结果表明,水田带状旋耕复式整地机碎土率、地表平整度、单条耕作带宽、耕作带宽稳定性系数分别为92.97%、18.4 mm、300.9 mm、95.3%,满足规模化水稻苗床土壤整地要求。

     

    Abstract: Under the background of conservation tillage, the advantages of less tillage and no-tillage cultivation techniques, such as water storage and soil conservation, have been emphasized. In order to solve the shortcomings of full tillage, a belt tillage machine was designed for seedbed preparation, and its key components were studied. According to the existing wide and narrow planting row spacing of rice, belt land preparation with 30 cm bandwidth was realized by selecting rotary blade and designing blade arrangement. Meanwhile, no-tillage operation was carried out in the adjacent 30 cm area to realize the purpose of fine land preparation between paddy beds. After one operation, seedling transplanting could be carried out in the water field. The orthogonal rotation test method was used to simulate the actual field operation through EDEM discrete element simulation, and the optimal arrangement of strip rotary blades was obtained. At this time, the simulation results were as follows: the soil crushing rate was 93.26%, and the surface flatness was 17.3 mm. On this basis, field experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the soil crushing rate, surface flatness, single tillage bandwidth, and tillage bandwidth stability of multi-functional combined tillage machine were 92.97%, 18.4 mm, 300.9 mm, 95.3%, respectively. The stability of tillage depth, shallow subsoil depth, tillage depth and deep subsoil depth were 151.3 mm, 221.4 mm, 93.5% and 92.3%, respectively, which fully met the needs of large-scale rice seedbed soil preparation. The research was focused on determining the structural parameters of strip rotary tillage, ensuring the stability of tillage bandwidth and good operation results. It provided reference for the design and research of less and no-tillage equipment for paddy field.

     

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