正负气压式油菜割台分行落粒回收装置设计与试验

关卓怀; 江涛; 沐森林; 李海同; 张敏; 吴崇友

正负气压式油菜割台分行落粒回收装置设计与试验

农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所

基金项目:

中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研项目(CAAS-ZDRW202105)

中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(S202203)

财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-12)

详细信息

作者简介:
关卓怀(1988—),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事现代农业装备设计与测控研究,E-mail:Guan_zh@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
江涛(1988—),男,助理研究员,主要从事农作物收获技术装备研究,E-mail:niam_justod@163.com

中图分类号: S225
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-24

Development and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combined Side Knife Cutting Scattered Seed Recovery Device for Rapeseed Header

Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

摘要

摘要: 针对油菜联合收获分行剪切落粒多、损失高的问题，提出了油菜割台分行损失气力回收方法，设计了正负气压组合式油菜割台分行落粒回收装置。通过正压气流导向收集分行散落物料，并由负压气流定向输送回割台，实现回收减损。基于Fluent构建了回收管内部流场仿真分析模型，单因素试验确定了喉管直径、喉管倾角分别为70 mm、120°,在一定范围内负压气流速度随渐扩角、渐缩角的增大而减小且存在交互作用；以进风口直径、渐缩段长度、出风口直径和渐扩段长度为试验因素，以负压气流速度为评价指标，开展了四元二次回归正交组合试验，结果表明影响负压气流速度的主次顺序为渐扩段长度、进风口直径、渐缩段长度、出风口直径，较优参数组合为进风口直径94 mm、渐缩段长度38 mm、出风口直径115 mm、渐扩段长度350 mm;建立了回收装置内部流场-物料CFD-DEM耦合仿真模型，研究了正压、负压气流速度对物料回收效果的影响，结果表明物料回收率随正压气流速度的升高先增大后减小、随负压气流速度的升高持续增大，明确了较优正压气流速度为20 m/s;基于正、负压气流流量分析，确定了气流分配器中两路气流通道的截面积之比为1∶3;田间试验表明装备分行落粒回收装置后油菜割台损失率、竖割刀损失率分别为1.26%、0.39%,分别下降了21.8%、47.3%,有效降低了分行损失和割台损失。
- 油菜 /
- 联合收获机 /
- 割台 /
- 分行损失 /
- 气力回收
Abstract: Mature rapeseed pods split easily. Under the shearing and vibration forces of the side knife, the pod splits, and the rapeseed scatters out of the header, resulting in high rapeseed losses. Aiming at the problem, side knife cutting scattered seed pneumatic recovery method was proposed, and positive and negative pressure combined side knife cutting scattered seed recovery device was designed. The scattered materials were collected by the positive pressure airflow direction and transported to the entrance of the negative pressure airflow, and then directed by the negative pressure airflow to recover and pneumatically transported back to the header to achieve recovery and loss reduction. The internal flow field simulation analysis model of the recycling tube was built based on Fluent. The results of the single-factor test showed that the negative pressure airflow velocity was decreased with the increase of the throat diameter and increased with the increase of the throat inclination angle, and the diameter and inclination angle of the throat were determined to be 70 mm and 120° respectively. Negative pressure airflow velocity was decreased with the increase of decreasing angle and decreasing angle in a certain range and there was an interactive effect, the determining factors were the inlet diameter, shrinkage length, outlet diameter and diffusion length. A quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was conducted using negative pressure airflow velocity as the evaluation index. The results showed that the importance of the factors affecting the negative pressure airflow velocity were length of the diffusion length, inlet diameter, shrinkage length, and outlet diameter. The optimized parameter combination was inlet diameter of 94 mm, shrinkage length of 38 mm, outlet diameter of 115 mm and diffusion length of 350 mm. A coupled CFD-DEM simulation model of the internal airflow-material in the recovery device was developed to study the influence of positive and negative pressure airflow velocity on the material recovery effect. The results showed that the material recovery rate was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of positive pressure airflow velocity, and continued to increase with the increase of negative pressure airflow velocity. The optimal positive pressure airflow velocity was determined to be 20 m/s. Based on the analysis of positive and negative airflow, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the two airflow channels in the airflow distributor was determined to be 1∶3. Field tests showed that the loss rate of rapeseed header and side knife were 1.26% and 0.39% respectively after equipping scattered seed recovery device, and the loss rate was decreased by 21.8% and 47.3% respectively. The header loss and side knife loss were effectively reduced. The study can provide a reference for the design of low loss rapeseed header.
- rapeseed /
- combine harvest /
- header /
- side knife cutting loss /
- pneumatic recovery

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