Abstract: Three aspects of environment and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy field, physiological growth index, yield of rice were summarized on the research status of water and fertilizer management. Reasonable water and fertilizer management techniques could promote the development of rice root structure and nutrient uptake, the physiological growth of rice, and increase rice yield. Meanwhile, nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission were reduced. According to summarizing the management mode of water-saving irrigation and optimized fertilization, the aim was to improve the utilization ratio of water and fertilizer in paddy fields, and establish planting mode with high yield, water saving and emission reduction of rice. Based on the previous studies, the problems existing in the water and fertili-zer management mode of paddy field at present stage are mainly as follows, less consideration is given to the influence of environmental factors in the water and fertilizer management research. There is less water and fertilizer coupling treatment in paddy field, which leads to significant differences in results and incomplete laws, and there is a contradiction between the water and fertilizer interaction on increasing yield and reducing pollutant emissions. At the same time, the importance of applying the latest and most advanced agricultural scientific and technological achievements（for example, sewage rege-neration irrigation technology, integrated water and fertilizer technology） is emphasized to agricultural production practice, which is conducive to the efficient and green development of agriculture in China.