Abstract: In order to accelerate the process of China′s agricultural modernization, based on the practical path of agricultural science and technology modernization, the connotation of agricultural modernization and agricultural science and technology modernization was firstly explained. Then, on the basis of a profound analysis of the internal logic of agricultural modernization, and agricultural science and technology modernization, the practical significance of agricultural science and technology modernization to promote agricultural modernization was discussed. Further more, the practical problems of the agricultural science and technology modernization in the process of agricultural moder-nization was summarized. It is found that the backwardness of science and technology policies, the low effectiveness of science and technology promotion, and the insufficient construction of science and technology talents seriously restrict the development of agricultural modernization in the new stage. The results show that the realization of agricultural science and technology modernization needs continuous efforts in science and technology policies, promotion systems, scientific and technological talents, and smart agriculture. This study will provide theoretical support and practical guidance for building a complete agricultural science and technology modernization system and promoting the steady realization of agricultural modernization.