Abstract: In order to study the effect of suction on the operating characteristics of pulse nozzles, a self-suction pulse nozzle for intelligent toilets cleaning was designed, and the overall performance test rig of pulse nozzle was built. With the optimization objective of improving the jet performance of the pulse nozzle, the inlet hole diameter, the inlet hole position and the inclination angle of the nozzle cavity bottom were selected as the optimization variables, and the optimization scheme orthogonal experimental design was adopted to measure the nozzles under different structural parameters. The experimental results show that there are few interactions among structural parameters of the self-suction pulse nozzle, except the inlet hole position and the inclination angle of the nozzle cavity bottom. The single factor that has the greatest influence on the jet striking force and the main frequency of jet pulse is the inlet hole diameter. Compared with the non-suction one before optimization, the jet velocity of the optimized self-suction pulse nozzle is increased by 150.0% with lower jet decay rate and larger jet range. The hitting force and main frequency is increased by 44.4% and 33.3%, respectively. In addition, the amplitude of the hitting force and cleaning rate are higher than those before optimization, increased by 80.0% and 23.3%, respectively.