Abstract: Aiming at the scientific problems of optimization of planting structure and rational allocation of agricultural water in the Manas River irrigation area under the constraint of total water resources, based on the planting structure of four typical crops, wheat, cotton, corn and grape, in Manas River irrigation area（Shihezi irrigation area, Mosuowan irrigation area, and Xiayedi irrigation area）, a multi-objective optimal allocation model was constructed to optimize and adjust the crop planting structure. The improved Gray Wolf optimization algorithm（DSF-GWO） was used to solve four development scenarios: social satisfaction type（Plan 1）, water-saving type（Plan 2）, economic cost type（Plan 3）, and comprehensive development type（Plan 4）. The results show that the ecological and social benefits of Plan 3 are 4.3% and 7.3% lower than those of Plan 2, respectively, when the two produce the same economic benefits. Therefore, Plan 2 is more suitable for the development requirements of planting structures in the Shihezi irrigation area. The economic benefits of Plan 4 in the Mosuowan irrigation area are 3.6% and 4.2% higher than those of Plan 1 and 3, respectively, and the ecological benefits are 0.5% higher than those of Plan 2. Therefore, the section of Plan 4 is in line with the development needs of planting structure in the planned year of the Mosuowan irrigation area. The econo-mic and social benefits generated by Plan 4 are higher than those of other plans, and the ecological benefits are less different than those of other plans. Therefore, Plan 4 is selected to adjust the planting structure of the planned year in the Xiayedi irrigation area.