Abstract: In order to effectively carry out drought monitoring and drought relief in Inner Mongolia, the vegetation condition index（VCI） was calculated based on the monthly MODIS vegetation growth data from May to September in 2000—2021. By combining the growing season temperature and precipitation data of 118 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia, Sen trend analysis and partial correlation coefficient methods were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of drought in the growing season of Inner Mongolia and its relationship with meteorological elements. The analysis results show that du-ring the study period, the VCI in the growing season of Inner Mongolia shows an overall upward trend, for which the main rising areas are located in the southeastern Inner Mongolian farming-pastoral transition zone and the western grassland-desert transition zone. Under the positive interference of humans the drought resistance of vegetation in these area is significantly improved. The coefficient of variation analysis shows that the drought risk in eastern Inner Mongolia is relatively high in late spring and early summer. With the arrival of summer, the drought high risk area moves westward to central Inner Mongolia. The range of drought risk in autumn increases, but the intensity decreases relatively. Low rainfall is the decisive determining meteorological factor for the occurrence of drought in Inner Mongolia, and there is a close relationship between high temperature and grassland drought. Drought analysis based on VCI can effectively reflect the improvement of regional drought resistance, and also provide scientific reference for fine-grained drought management.